ASTM E 979-1991 评估用逆乳液与其它含水液压液作防腐剂的抗微生物制剂的试验方法

上一篇: ASTM E 1099-1991 无水苏打灰(碳酸钠,无水)
下一篇: ISO 8096-1 Technical Corrigendum 1-1991 雨衣用的橡胶或塑料涂覆的织物规范第1部分:聚氯乙烯涂覆织物技术勘误1

【英文标准名称】:NumberPortabilityforPCS1900ShortMessageServiceandOtherServices
【原文标准名称】:PCS1900短信服务和其他服务的号码便携性
【标准号】:ANSIT1.711-1999
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1999
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:呼叫号码;信息服务;数;PCS;轻便性能;短信服务;短信;通信;通信系统;电信
【英文主题词】:Callnumbers;Messageservices;Numbers;PCS;Portability;ShortMessageService;Shortmessages;Telecommunication;Telecommunicationsystems;Telecommunications
【摘要】:ThisstandarddefinesthePCS1900requirementsneededtosupportShortMessageServiceandotherServicesinaNumberPortabilityenvironment.Inthisdocument,thephrase"NumberPortabilityenvironment"referstoanenvironmentwhereServiceProvider
【中国标准分类号】:M11
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringtheToxicityofSediment-AssociatedContaminantswithFreshwaterInvertebrates
【原文标准名称】:淡水中无脊椎动物沉积物有关污染物的毒性测量的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1706-2005e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:bioavailability;Ceriodaphniadubia;Chironomusriparius;Chironomusdilutus;contamination;Daphniamagna;Dipo
【摘要】:General:Sedimentprovideshabitatformanyaquaticorganismsandisamajorrepositoryformanyofthemorepersistentchemicalsthatareintroducedintosurfacewaters.Intheaquaticenvironment,mostanthropogenicchemicalsandwastematerialsincludingtoxicorganicandinorganicchemicalseventuallyaccumulateinsediment.MountingevidencesexistsofenvironmentaldegradationinareaswhereUSEPAWaterQualityCriteria(WQC;(65))arenotexceeded,yetorganismsinornearsedimentsareadverselyaffected(66).TheWQCweredevelopedtoprotectorganismsinthewatercolumnandwerenotdirectedtowardprotectingorganismsinsediment.Concentrationsofcontaminantsinsedimentmaybeseveralordersofmagnitudehigherthanintheoverlyingwater;however,bulksedimentconcentrationshavenotbeenstronglycorrelatedtobioavailability(67).Partitioningorsorptionofacompoundbetweenwaterandsedimentmaydependonmanyfactorsincluding:aqueoussolubility,pH,redox,affinityforsedimentorganiccarbonanddissolvedorganiccarbon,grainsizeofthesediment,sedimentmineralconstituents(oxidesofiron,manganese,andaluminum),andthequantityofacidvolatilesulfidesinsediment(40,41).Althoughcertainchemicalsarehighlysorbedtosediment,thesecompoundsmaystillbeavailabletothebiota.Chemicalsinsedimentsmaybedirectlytoxictoaquaticlifeorcanbeasourceofchemicalsforbioaccumulationinthefoodchain.Theobjectiveofasedimenttestistodeterminewhetherchemicalsinsedimentareharmfultoorarebioaccumulatedbybenthicorganisms.Thetestscanbeusedtomeasureinteractivetoxiceffectsofcomplexchemicalmixturesinsediment.Furthermore,knowledgeofspecificpathwaysofinteractionsamongsedimentsandtestorganismsisnotnecessarytoconductthetests(68).Sedimenttestscanbeusedto:(1)determinetherelationshipbetweentoxiceffectsandbioavailability,(2)investigateinteractionsamongchemicals,(3)comparethesensitivitiesofdifferentorganisms,(4)determinespatialandtemporaldistributionofcontamination,(5)evaluatehazardsofdredgedmaterial,(6)measuretoxicityaspartofproductlicensingorsafetytesting,(7)rankareasforcleanup,and(8)estimatetheeffectivenessofremediationormanagementpractices.Avarietyofmethodshavebeendevelopedforassessingthetoxicityofchemicalsinsedimentsusingamphipods,midges,polychaetes,oligochaetes,mayflies,orcladocerans(Section13and14;AnnexA1toAnnexA5;(2),(4),(356),(390).Severalendpointsaresuggestedinthesemethodstomeasurepotentialeffectsofcontaminantsinsedimentincludingsurvival,growth,behavior,orreproduction;however,survivaloftestorganismsin10-dayexposuresistheendpointmostcommonlyreported.Theseshort-termexposureswhichonlymeasureeffectsonsurvivalcanbeusedtoidentifyhighlevelsofcontaminationinsediments,butmaynotbeabletoidentifymoderatelevelsofcontaminationinsediments(USEPA(2);Sibleyetal.,(54);Sibleyetal.,(55);Sibleyetal.,(69);Benoitetal.,(70);Ingersolletal.,(56)).Sublethalendpointsinsedimenttestsmightalsoprovetobebetterestimatesofresp......
【中国标准分类号】:Z19
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_20
【页数】:117P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语